LIU Brooklyn vs Michigan (02/17/12)



News Box Score

                                The Automated ScoreBook
                              LIU Brooklyn vs #11 Michigan
                  02/17/12 at Boca Raton, Fla. (FAU Softball Stadium)

LIU Brooklyn 0 (0-7)                          Michigan 4 (5-1)

Player                      AB  R  H BI       Player                      AB  R  H BI
---------------------------------------       ---------------------------------------
TOVEN ss...................  3  0  0  0       Evans cf...................  2  0  1  0
ARCHER rf..................  3  0  0  0       Doyle rf...................  3  0  0  0
KAKUSKA c..................  3  0  2  0       Sappingfield lf............  3  1  1  0
HOHAM 3b...................  3  0  0  0       Lane 2b....................  3  1  1  2
SHEAF dh...................  3  0  0  0       Wagner p...................  2  0  1  0
YORK 1b....................  2  0  0  0        Crummey pr................  0  1  0  0
CERVANTES lf...............  2  0  0  0       Kirkpatrick ss.............  3  0  0  0
ZYMKOWITZ cf...............  2  0  0  0       Blanchard c................  1  0  1  1
VONDRAK p..................  1  0  0  0        Luetkens pr...............  0  1  0  0
 HOLDER pr.................  0  0  0  0       Gardner 1b.................  2  0  1  0
 REYNOLDS p................  0  0  0  0       Knapp 3b...................  3  0  0  0
GREEN 2b...................  0  0  0  0       Garfinkel dh...............  0  0  0  0
Totals..................... 22  0  2  0       Totals..................... 22  4  6  3

Score by Innings                  R  H  E
-----------------------------------------
LIU Brooklyn........ 000 000 0 -  0  2  0
Michigan............ 010 012 X -  4  6  0
-----------------------------------------

DP - MICH 1. LOB - LIU 2; MICH 5. HR - Lane. SH - Gardner. SF - Blanchard. SB -
Crummey.

LIU Brooklyn                   IP  H  R ER BB SO  WP BK HP IBB  AB BF  FO GO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VONDRAK  L.................   5.2  6  4  4  3  2   3  0  0  0   21 26   6  9
REYNOLDS ..................   0.1  0  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0    1  1   0  1

Michigan                       IP  H  R ER BB SO  WP BK HP IBB  AB BF  FO GO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wagner  W,3-0..............   7.0  2  0  0  1  4   0  0  0  0   22 23   9  7

WP - VONDRAK 3.

Strikeouts - ARCHER; YORK; CERVANTES; ZYMKOWITZ; Lane; Kirkpatrick. Walks - VONDRAK;
Evans; Wagner; Blanchard.

Umpires - HP: Ed Whipple  1B: Charles Smith  3B: Arnie Oliver
Start: 2:45pm   Time: 1:20   Attendance:

Game: LIU6


Box Score

                            The Automated ScoreBook
                          LIU Brooklyn vs #11 Michigan
              02/17/12 at Boca Raton, Fla. (FAU Softball Stadium)

LIU Brooklyn 0 (0-7)

Player                    AB  R  H RBI BB SO PO  A LOB
------------------------------------------------------
TOVEN ss.................  3  0  0  0   0  0  0  1   0
ARCHER rf................  3  0  0  0   0  1  3  0   1
KAKUSKA c................  3  0  2  0   0  0  2  0   0
HOHAM 3b.................  3  0  0  0   0  0  0  1   1
SHEAF dh.................  3  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
YORK 1b..................  2  0  0  0   0  1  9  1   0
CERVANTES lf.............  2  0  0  0   0  1  3  0   0
ZYMKOWITZ cf.............  2  0  0  0   0  1  0  0   0
VONDRAK p................  1  0  0  0   1  0  0  2   0
 HOLDER pr...............  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
 REYNOLDS p..............  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  1   0
GREEN 2b.................  0  0  0  0   0  0  1  3   0
Totals................... 22  0  2  0   1  4 18  9   2

Michigan 4 (5-1)

Player                    AB  R  H RBI BB SO PO  A LOB
------------------------------------------------------
Evans cf.................  2  0  1  0   1  0  1  0   0
Doyle rf.................  3  0  0  0   0  0  2  0   1
Sappingfield lf..........  3  1  1  0   0  0  2  0   0
Lane 2b..................  3  1  1  2   0  1  2  1   1
Wagner p.................  2  0  1  0   1  0  0  2   0
 Crummey pr..............  0  1  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
Kirkpatrick ss...........  3  0  0  0   0  1  3  3   1
Blanchard c..............  1  0  1  1   1  0  3  1   0
 Luetkens pr.............  0  1  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
Gardner 1b...............  2  0  1  0   0  0  8  0   0
Knapp 3b.................  3  0  0  0   0  0  0  1   2
Garfinkel dh.............  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
Totals................... 22  4  6  3   3  2 21  8   5

Score by Innings                  R  H  E
-----------------------------------------
LIU Brooklyn........ 000 000 0 -  0  2  0
Michigan............ 010 012 X -  4  6  0
-----------------------------------------

DP - MICH 1. LOB - LIU 2; MICH 5. HR - Lane. SH - Gardner. SF - Blanchard.
SB - Crummey.

LIU Brooklyn           IP  H  R ER BB SO AB BF
-----------------------------------------------
VONDRAK.............  5.2  6  4  4  3  2 21 26
REYNOLDS............  0.1  0  0  0  0  0  1  1

Michigan               IP  H  R ER BB SO AB BF
-----------------------------------------------
Wagner..............  7.0  2  0  0  1  4 22 23

Win - Wagner (3-0).  Loss - VONDRAK ().  Save - None.
WP - VONDRAK 3.
Umpires - HP: Ed Whipple  1B: Charles Smith  3B: Arnie Oliver
Start: 2:45pm   Time: 1:20   Attendance:
Game: LIU6


Composite Box Score

                                    The Automated ScoreBook
                       LIU Brooklyn vs #11 Michigan - Composite Box Score
                      02/17/12 at Boca Raton, Fla. (FAU Softball Stadium)

                              LIU Brooklyn 0 (0-7)

Player            AB  R  H BI  2B 3B HR BB  SB CS HP SH SF SO IBB KL GDP  PO  A  E
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOVEN ss           3  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  1  0
ARCHER rf          3  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  0   0   3  0  0
KAKUSKA c          3  0  2  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   2  0  0
HOHAM 3b           3  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  1  0
SHEAF dh           3  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
YORK 1b            2  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  0   0   9  1  0
CERVANTES lf       2  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  0   0   3  0  0
ZYMKOWITZ cf       2  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  0   0   0  0  0
VONDRAK p          1  0  0  0   0  0  0  1   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  2  0
HOLDER pr          0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
REYNOLDS p         0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  1  0
GREEN 2b           0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   1  3  0
Totals......      22  0  2  0   0  0  0  1   0  0  0  0  0  4   0  0   0  18  9  0

                                Michigan 4 (5-1)

Player            AB  R  H BI  2B 3B HR BB  SB CS HP SH SF SO IBB KL GDP  PO  A  E
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evans cf           2  0  1  0   0  0  0  1   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   1  0  0
Doyle rf           3  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   2  0  0
Sappingfield lf    3  1  1  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   2  0  0
Lane 2b            3  1  1  2   0  0  1  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  0   0   2  1  0
Wagner p           2  0  1  0   0  0  0  1   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  2  0
Crummey pr         0  1  0  0   0  0  0  0   1  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
Kirkpatrick ss     3  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  0   0   3  3  0
Blanchard c        1  0  1  1   0  0  0  1   0  0  0  0  1  0   0  0   0   3  1  0
Luetkens pr        0  1  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
Gardner 1b         2  0  1  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  1  0  0   0  0   0   8  0  0
Knapp 3b           3  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  1  0
Garfinkel dh       0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
Totals......      22  4  6  3   0  0  1  3   1  0  0  1  1  2   0  0   0  21  8  0

LIU Brooklyn           IP  H  R ER BB SO  WP HB BK IBB SH SF CI  2B 3B HR  AB BF  FO GO
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VONDRAK  L            5.2  6  4  4  3  2   3  0  0  0   1  1  0   0  0  1  21 26   6  9
REYNOLDS              0.1  0  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0   0  0  0   1  1   0  1

Michigan               IP  H  R ER BB SO  WP HB BK IBB SH SF CI  2B 3B HR  AB BF  FO GO
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wagner  W,3-0         7.0  2  0  0  1  4   0  0  0  0   0  0  0   0  0  0  22 23   9  7

Umpires - HP: Ed Whipple  1B: Charles Smith  3B: Arnie Oliver
Start: 2:45pm   Time: 1:20   Attendance:

Game: LIU6


Play-by-Play

                            The Automated ScoreBook
                  LIU Brooklyn vs #11 Michigan - Play-by-Play
              02/17/12 at Boca Raton, Fla. (FAU Softball Stadium)


Score by Innings                  R  H  E
-----------------------------------------
LIU Brooklyn........ 000 000 0 -  0  2  0
Michigan............ 010 012 X -  4  6  0
-----------------------------------------

LIU Brooklyn starters: 36/ss TOVEN; 12/rf ARCHER; 19/c KAKUSKA; 9/3b HOHAM;
7/dh SHEAF; 15/1b YORK; 2/lf CERVANTES; 10/cf ZYMKOWITZ; 18/p VONDRAK; 5/2b
GREEN;
Michigan starters: 5/cf Evans; 11/rf Doyle; 15/lf Sappingfield; 8/2b Lane; 17/p
Wagner; 12/ss Kirkpatrick; 44/c Blanchard; 20/1b Gardner; 1/3b Knapp; 19/dh
Garfinkel;

LIU Brooklyn 1st - TOVEN popped up to ss. ARCHER struck out swinging.
KAKUSKA singled down the lf line. HOHAM grounded out to p. 0 runs, 1 hit, 0
errors, 1 LOB.

Michigan 1st - Evans walked. Doyle grounded out to 2b; Evans advanced to
second. Sappingfield grounded out to ss. Lane struck out swinging. 0 runs, 0
hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

LIU Brooklyn 2nd - SHEAF grounded out to ss. YORK struck out swinging.
CERVANTES struck out swinging. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

Michigan 2nd - Wagner singled through the left side. Crummey pinch ran
for Wagner. Crummey stole second. Kirkpatrick struck out swinging. Crummey
advanced to third on a wild pitch. Blanchard flied out to rf, SF, RBI; Crummey
scored. Gardner grounded out to p. 1 run, 1 hit, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

LIU Brooklyn 3rd - Crummey pinch ran for Wagner. Wagner to p for
Crummey. ZYMKOWITZ struck out swinging, out at first c to 1b. VONDRAK walked.
HOLDER pinch ran for VONDRAK. TOVEN flied out to cf. ARCHER flied out to lf.
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

Michigan 3rd - VONDRAK to p for HOLDER. Knapp grounded out to 1b
unassisted. Evans grounded out to 2b. Doyle grounded out to p. 0 runs, 0
hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

LIU Brooklyn 4th - KAKUSKA singled through the left side. HOHAM lined
out to lf. SHEAF hit into double play 2b to 1b; KAKUSKA out on the play. 0
runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

Michigan 4th - Sappingfield lined out to lf. Lane flied out to lf.
Wagner walked. Kirkpatrick flied out to lf. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 1
LOB.

LIU Brooklyn 5th - YORK flied out to rf. CERVANTES grounded out to 3b.
ZYMKOWITZ popped up to 1b. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

Michigan 5th - Blanchard singled up the middle. Luetkens pinch ran for
Blanchard. Luetkens advanced to second on a wild pitch. Gardner out at first 1b
to 2b, SAC, bunt; Luetkens advanced to third. Knapp lined out to rf. Luetkens
scored on a wild pitch. Evans singled through the left side. Doyle grounded out
to 3b. 1 run, 2 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

LIU Brooklyn 6th - Blanchard to c for Luetkens. VONDRAK lined out to ss.
TOVEN flied out to rf. ARCHER grounded out to ss. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors,
0 LOB.

Michigan 6th - Sappingfield singled to shortstop. Lane homered to right
field, 2 RBI; Sappingfield scored. Wagner grounded out to 2b. Kirkpatrick flied
out to rf. Blanchard walked. Gardner singled through the left side; Blanchard
advanced to second. REYNOLDS to p for VONDRAK. Knapp grounded out to p. 2
runs, 3 hits, 0 errors, 2 LOB.

LIU Brooklyn 7th - KAKUSKA out at first p to 2b. HOHAM grounded out to
ss. SHEAF popped up to ss. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

Plate appearance breakdown


                                                      The Automated ScoreBook
                                     LIU Brooklyn vs #11 Michigan - Plate Appearance Breakdown
                                        02/17/12 at Boca Raton, Fla. (FAU Softball Stadium)

                                                        LIU Brooklyn 0 (0-7)

                  ----Plate appearances---   vs    vs   RBI   With  Adv   With  Lead Bases Runnr Rnrs Rnrs 2out  Gnd  Fly
LIU Brooklyn      TPA AB  H BB HP SH SF CI  Left Right  Ops  Runrs  Ops  2outs  Off%  Full On3rd  Adv  LOB  RBI  Out  Out
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOVEN ss..........  3  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-3   0-0   0-0   0-1   0-1   0-0   0-1   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    3
ARCHER rf.........  3  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-3   0-0   0-0   0-1   0-1   0-2   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    1    0    1    1
KAKUSKA c.........  3  3  2  0  0  0  0  0  2-3   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   1-1   1-2   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    1    0
HOHAM 3b..........  3  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-3   0-0   0-0   0-2   0-2   0-1   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    1    0    2    1
SHEAF dh..........  3  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-3   0-0   0-0   0-1   0-1   0-1   0-1   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    2    1
YORK 1b...........  2  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-2   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-1   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    1
CERVANTES lf......  2  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-2   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-1   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    1    0
ZYMKOWITZ cf......  2  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-2   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-1   0-1   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    1
VONDRAK p.........  2  1  0  1  0  0  0  0  0-1   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-1   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    1
HOLDER pr.........  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    0
REYNOLDS p........  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    0
GREEN 2b..........  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    0
Totals............ 23 22  2  1  0  0  0  0  2-22  0-0   0-0   0-5   0-5   1-7   1-7   0-0   0-0     0    2    0    7    9

                     ------Batters faced-----                     vs    vs   With  With  Lead  Gnd  Fly
LIU Brooklyn          BF AB  H BB HP SH SF CI 2B 3B HR WP BK KL  Left Right Runrs 2outs  Off%  Out  Out
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VONDRAK.............  26 21  6  3  0  1  1  0  0  0  1  3  0  0  3-11  3-10  2-9   2-7   4-6     9    6
REYNOLDS............   1  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-1   0-0   0-1   0-1   0-0     1    0


The Automated ScoreBook LIU Brooklyn vs #11 Michigan - Plate Appearance Breakdown 02/17/12 at Boca Raton, Fla. (FAU Softball Stadium) Michigan 4 (5-1) ----Plate appearances--- vs vs RBI With Adv With Lead Bases Runnr Rnrs Rnrs 2out Gnd Fly Michigan TPA AB H BB HP SH SF CI Left Right Ops Runrs Ops 2outs Off% Full On3rd Adv LOB RBI Out Out ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Evans cf.......... 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0-0 1-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 1-1 1-1 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 1 0 Doyle rf.......... 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-3 0-0 0-2 1-2 0-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 1 1 0 3 0 Sappingfield lf... 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 1-3 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-0 1-2 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 1 1 Lane 2b........... 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 1-3 0-1 1-2 1-2 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 1 0 0 1 Wagner p.......... 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0-0 1-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 1-1 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 1 0 Crummey pr........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 Kirkpatrick ss.... 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-3 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 1 0 0 2 Blanchard c....... 3 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0-0 1-1 0-0 0-0 1-1 0-0 1-1 0-0 1-1 1 0 0 0 1 Luetkens pr....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 Gardner 1b........ 3 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0-0 1-2 0-0 1-1 2-2 1-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 1 0 0 2 0 Knapp 3b.......... 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-3 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-0 0-1 0 2 0 2 1 Garfinkel dh...... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals............ 27 22 6 3 0 1 1 0 0-0 6-22 0-5 2-10 5-12 2-8 4-6 0-0 1-2 3 5 0 10 6 ------Batters faced----- vs vs With With Lead Gnd Fly Michigan BF AB H BB HP SH SF CI 2B 3B HR WP BK KL Left Right Runrs 2outs Off% Out Out ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wagner.............. 23 22 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-2 2-20 0-5 1-7 1-7 7 9

Howe report

Game number LIU6

Michigan 4, LIU Brooklyn 0 (02/17/12 at Boca Raton, Fla.)

Time: 1:20      Attendance: 0  DH number: 2




Visitor batting - LIU Brooklyn

                   AB  R  H TB 2B 3B HR   RBI CI SH SF HP   BB IB SO   SB CS GDP  PO  A  E DP    PB SBA CSB CIC

TOVEN         ss -  3                                                                 1
ARCHER        rf -  3                                              1               3
KAKUSKA       c  -  3     2  2                                                     2                  1
HOHAM         3b -  3                                                                 1
SHEAF         dh -  3
YORK          1b -  2                                              1               9  1
CERVANTES     lf -  2                                              1               3
ZYMKOWITZ     cf -  2                                              1
VONDRAK       p  -  1                                        1                        2               1
 HOLDER       pr -  0
 REYNOLDS     p  -  0                                                                 1
GREEN         2b -  0                                                              1  3
Totals......     - 22  0  2  2  0  0  0     0  0  0  0  0    1  0  4    0  0  0   18  9  0  0     0   1   0  0


Visitor pitching - LIU Brooklyn

                   IP  H AB TBF R ER HR   CI SH SF HB   BB IB SO   WP BK    GS  GF  CG SHO CBO

VONDRAK      L    5.2  6 21 26  4  4  1       1  1       3     2    3        1
REYNOLDS          0.1  0  1  1                                                   1
Totals......      6.0  6 22 27  4  4  1    0  1  1  0    3  0  2    3  0     1   1   0   1   1

Game: LIU6

Game number LIU6 Michigan 4, LIU Brooklyn 0 (02/17/12 at Boca Raton, Fla.) Home batting - Michigan AB R H TB 2B 3B HR RBI CI SH SF HP BB IB SO SB CS GDP PO A E DP PB SBA CSB CIC Evans cf - 2 1 1 1 1 Doyle rf - 3 2 Sappingfield lf - 3 1 1 1 2 Lane 2b - 3 1 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 Wagner p - 2 1 1 1 2 Crummey pr - 0 1 1 Kirkpatrick ss - 3 1 3 3 Blanchard c - 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 Luetkens pr - 0 1 Gardner 1b - 2 1 1 1 8 1 Knapp 3b - 3 1 Garfinkel dh - 0 Totals...... - 22 4 6 9 0 0 1 3 0 1 1 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 21 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 Home pitching - Michigan IP H AB TBF R ER HR CI SH SF HB BB IB SO WP BK GS GF CG SHO CBO Wagner W 7.0 2 22 23 1 4 1 1 1 Totals...... 7.0 2 22 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Box Proof - LIU Brooklyn Box Proof - Michigan R 0 AB 22 R 4 AB 22 LOB 2 BB 1 LOB 5 BB 3 PO 21 SH 0 DP: 0 PO 18 SH 1 DP: 1 SF 0 SF 1 HBP 0 HBP 0 CI 0 CI 0 -- -- -- -- 23 23 27 27 Score by Innings R H E ----------------------------------------- LIU Brooklyn........ 000 000 0 - 0 2 0 Michigan............ 010 012 X - 4 6 0 -----------------------------------------